The cord or rope that ties a flag to its pole is called a halyard. Regimental flags for individual units became commonplace during the Early Modern period. Each flag or pennant has a specific meaning when flown individually. A courteous, peaceable merchant ship or yacht customarily flies its ensign (in the usual ensign position), together with the flag of whatever nation it is currently visiting at the mast (known as a courtesy flag). a blue flag on the side of a locomotive means that it should not be moved because someone is working on it (or on the train attached to it). [13], The general parts of a flag are: canton (the upper inner section of the flag), field or ground (the entire flag except the canton), the hoist (the edge used to attach the flag to the hoist), and the fly (the furthest edge from the hoist end). The Capitol was placed under lockdown and lawmakers were … Google has many special features to help you find exactly what you're looking for. On many Australian beaches there is a slight variation with beach condition signalling. A royal warrant of 18 August 1761, stipulated that an all blue triple-tailed flag to be used by the archipelago fleet, a branch of the army tasked with defending the archipelago along the Swedish coastlines. If the flag is no longer in presentable condition it should be discarded by burning in a respectful manner or returned to the manufacturer for disposal. Raising a flag upside-down was indicative that the raising force controlled that particular area, but that it was in severe distress. Wikipedia is a free online encyclopedia, created and edited by volunteers around the world and hosted by the Wikimedia Foundation. The present Flag of Portugal is based on what had been the political flag of the Portuguese Republican Party previous to the 5 October 1910 revolution which brought this party to power. In Buddhism, prayer flags are used, usually in sets of five differently coloured flags. [13] The blue flag was used until 1813. One is the flag generally known as the Benin Empire flag and one is referred to as Nana Olomu's flag.[10]. Eric of Pomerania has been listed as a level-5 vital article in People, Politicians. [2] Examples include the Sassanid battle standard Derafsh Kaviani, and the standards of the Roman legions such as the eagle of Augustus Caesar's Xth legion, or the dragon standard of the Sarmatians; the latter was let fly freely in the wind, carried by a horseman, but judging from depictions it was more similar to an elongated dragon kite than to a simple flag. Under King Carl XVI Gustaf, king since 1973, the plain triple-tailed flag has flown at the Royal Palace only once. Art collective raised pride flags to mark Putin’s 68th birthday. Depictions of such flags may be marked with the symbol, Rarely, the reverse design may differ, in whole or in part, from that of the obverse. A red flag signifies a closed beach (in the UK also other dangers), yellow signifies strong current or difficult swimming conditions, and green represents a beach safe for general swimming. There have been a few notable exemptions regarding the prohibition of private parties to use the State flag. It was named after Erik the Red, the founder of the first Norse or Vikings settlements in Greenland in the 10th century. Some countries use diplomatic flags, such as the United Kingdom (see Image of the Embassy flag) and the Kingdom of Thailand (see Image of the Embassy flag). These items are commonly referred to as car flags and are usually manufactured from high strength polyester material and are attached to a vehicle via a polypropylene pole and clip window attachment. Eric Michael Swalwell Jr. / ˈ s w ɔː l ˌ w ɛ l / (born November 16, 1980) is an American politician. In the 20th century, the rainbow flag was adopted as a symbol of the LGBT social movements. Norwegian ships continued to use the Danish civil ensign distinguished with the national arms in the canton north of Cape Finisterre, but had to fly the Swedish civil ensign in the Mediterranean to be protected from pirate attacks. 1983 Plain and Simple. Use of flags outside of military or naval context begins only with the rise of nationalist sentiment by the end of the 18th century, although some flags date back earlier. [23] The flag of Verona (Italy) resembles the flag of Sweden in colours and features. The flag is also flown by the defence ministry, while civil ministries fly square flags. Raising or lowering flags, especially national flags, usually involves ceremonies and certain sets of rules, depending on the country, and usually involve the performance of a national anthem. [1] According to the same royal warrant, merchant ships were only allowed to fly square-cut city flags in their respective provincial colours. The largest flag flown from a flagpole worldwide, according to Guinness World Records, is the flag of Mexico flown in Piedras Negras, Mexico. It aired on July 5, 2000.1 Chef's passionate protest declaring the South Park flag racist enflames the entire town.1 Jimbo and Chef are in the Mayor's office, arguing over the South Park Flag. The former flag has a symmetric yellow cross, although the similarities between the two flags may be historically unrelated. The Swedish royal flag (Kungliga flaggan) is still identical to the triple-tailed military flag, but usually includes in its centre a white field with the greater or the lesser coat of arms with the Order of the Seraphim, which has the King as its Grand Master. is a global movement whose mission is to bring free educational content to the world. This flag depicted the four main symbols from Eric's arms. According to Icelandic sagas, he was born in the Jæren district of Rogaland, Norway, as the son of Thorvald Asvaldsson. These are also considered war flags, though the terminology only applies to the flag's military usage. A heraldic coat of arms may also be flown as a banner of arms, as is done on both the state flag of Maryland and the flag of Kiribati. Many flags are dyed through and through to be inexpensive to manufacture, such that the reverse side is the mirror image of the obverse (front) side, generally the side displayed when, from the observer's point of view, the flag flies from pole-side left to right. Its overall ratio, including the tails, is 1:2. Because of their ease of signalling and identification, flags are often used in sports. But the stair is narrow eno… Eric's castle is located on the shore of a Mediterranean-like island country. 2005 The Eric Bogle Songbook. During the 19th century, a number of regulations were issued regarding the use of Swedish flags. On April 17, a 22-year-old named Eric Sheppard attended a protest at Georgia’s Valdosta State University, where he and several other students were photographed walking on an American flag. Flags are also used in messaging, advertising, or for decorative purposes. Opponents of the union began to use this flag several years before it was officially recognised. The anarchist movement has a variety of different flags, but the primary flag associated with them is the black flag. beyond Cape Finisterre). The Swedish swallowtail flag was originally the King's personal emblem, or the emblem representing a command conferred by the King. The cord is then tightened and tied to the pole at the bottom. A national flag flown at sea is known as an ensign. The flags of countries such as Austria, Denmark or Turkey emerged from the midst of legend while many others, including those of Poland and Switzerland, grew out of the heraldic emblems of the Middle Ages. In Ireland, a red and yellow flag indicates that it is safe to swim; a red flag that it is unsafe; and no flag indicates that there are no lifeguards on duty. Washington, DC 20515. The exception is if the flag is still illuminated by the sun during summer time, it may remain up even after the sun has set. In practice, however, the merchant fleet began using a square-cut civil ensign of the state flag. The flag shall be taken down at sunset but at the latest 09.00 pm. The only other entries to the castle are two from the shore. The colours of the flags can also be used to communicate. Wikipedia The Free Encyclopedia. Flagpole of modest size, with simple truck, Large flagpole, showing structured truck (New Zealand). The royal flag with the lesser national coat of arms is hoisted at the Royal Palace, if by reason of illness, foreign travel or for any other cause, the King is unavoidably prevented from performing his duties; a member of the Royal House under the valid order of succession who is not prevented there from, assumes and performs the duties of the Head of State in the capacity of Regent, The "plain" triple-tailed flag (without the coat of arms) is flown at the Royal Palace when the, According to a royal warrant of 31 October 1786, the. When used as wayside signals they usually use the following meanings (exact meanings are set by the individual railroad company): At night, the flags are replaced with lanterns showing the same colours. 100 1 _ ‎‡a McLean, Eric, ‏ ‎‡d 1919-‏ 4xx's: Alternate Name Forms (7) 400 0 _ ‎‡a Eric McLean ‏ ‎‡c Canadees pianist (1919-2002) ‏ 2b). This system was in force until 1838. The pole can fly a 220-pound flag for in light wind conditions and a heavier 350-pound flag in higher wind conditions.[31]. Indian flags were often triangular and decorated with attachments such as yak's tail and the state umbrella. Orientation of a flag is also used for communication, though the practice is rarely used given modern communication systems. The storming of the United States Capitol was a riot and violent attack against the 117th United States Congress at the U.S. Capitol on January 6, 2021. Both countries were granted civil and military ensigns on the same pattern, their respective national flags with the addition of a union mark in the canton, combining the flag colours of both countries. Seeing this as a sign from God he adopted the golden cross against a blue background as his banner. Welcome to Wikimedia. Flags may have a strip of fabric along the hoist side called a heading for the halyard to pass through, or a pair of grommets for the halyard to be threaded through. [15][17], The vertical flag for hoisting from a beam (German: Auslegerflagge or Galgenflagge; no. One of the most popular uses of a flag is to symbolise a nation or country. Phone: (202) 225-5065 [1] In antiquity, field signs or standards were used in warfare that can be categorised as vexilloid or 'flag-like'. It was the only photograph to … Flags can play many different roles in religion. Flags displayed on the front of a moving locomotive are an acceptable replacement for classification lights and usually have the following meanings (exact meanings are set by the individual railroad company): Additionally, a railroad brakeman will typically carry a red flag to make his or her hand signals more visible to the engineer. Following the adoption of a separate Norwegian flag, a royal regulation of 17 July 1821, stipulated that ships of both kingdoms use the common square-cut civil ensign (with the saltire included) in "distant waters" (i.e. These cases can be divided into two types: Common designs on flags include crosses, stripes, and divisions of the surface, or field, into bands or quarters—patterns and principles mainly derived from heraldry. Search the world's information, including webpages, images, videos and more. The same coat of arms is still used by the province. When used from a stand-alone flagpole, the size of the flag is recommended to have a width equalling a fourth of the height of the pole. [11] In 1756, the use of pennants by private ships was prohibited.[12]. Rollo (Norman: Rou; Old Norse: Hrólfr; French: Rollon; c. 860 – c. 930 AD) was a Viking who became the first ruler of Normandy, a region in northern France.He emerged as the outstanding warrior among the Norsemen who had secured a permanent foothold on Frankish soil in the valley of the lower Seine. The topmost stripe on the horizontal version of the flag faces away from the building. Flags are usually rectangular in shape (often in the ratio 2:3, 1:2, or 3:5), but may be of any shape or size that is practical for flying, including square, triangular, or swallow tailed. As the Norwegian military ensign according to the constitution of 1814 was to be a union ensign, the union mark remained on military flags until the dissolution of the union with Sweden. a flag of any colour waved vigorously means stop. Examples of. It is widely speculated that he had short-lived terms as King of Norway and twice as King of Northumbria (c. 947–948 and 952–954). He most likely earned the epithet "the Red" due to the color of his hair and beard. According to a legend, the Argentine football team, Boca Juniors' flag and colours were inspired by the flag of Sweden.[24]. For this use, the military ensign would have a white field included with a golden marker: For the Harbor pilots (as of 1881, based on a proposal of 1825) an anchor with a star;[17] for the Customs (as of 1844) the letter "T" topped a royal crown;[18] for the Royal Mail (as of 1844) a postal horn with a royal crown. Flags also became the preferred means of communications at sea, resulting in various systems of flag signals; see, International maritime signal flags. However, other historical states have also used flags without designs or insignia, such as the short-lived Soviet Republic of Hungary and the more recent Sultanate of Muscat and Oman, whose flags were both a plain field of red. ; The flag of the Netherlands is the oldest tricolour. As of 2009, this custom is still taken seriously by many naval and port authorities and is readily enforced in many parts of the world by boarding, confiscation and other civil penalties. On 7 May 1897, an alternate State flag was introduced. In a government instruction of ship building of 1730, this civil ensign should have the same proportions and colors as the state flag, with the notable difference of being square-cut. "And the Band Played Waltzing Matilda" is a song written by Scottish-born Australian singer-songwriter Eric Bogle in 1971. A more unusual flag shape is that of the flag of Nepal, which is in the shape of two stacked triangles. However, in 1898, when the flag law was passed for the third time, the king had to sanction it. The king and queen use a royal flag with the greater national coat of arms. In addition, the new union mark was to be used as the naval jack and as the flag for the common diplomatic representations abroad. The union mark, however, remained a part of the Swedish flag until 1905, when a Law of 28 October 1905, stipulated the exclusion of the union mark as of 1 November 1905.[19]. Dates back to the mid-17th century. Edith Flagg was an American fashion designer, fashion industry executive, and philanthropist. Other historians[who?] This flag was optional for Swedish vessels, but compulsory for Norwegian ones in distant waters. Flags as recognized today, made of a piece of cloth representing a particular entity, were invented in the Indian subcontinent or Chinese Zhou dynasty (1046-256 BCE). Described in law on 6 November 1663. The flag of Wilmington, Delaware in the United States is modelled after the Swedish flag in remembrance of the short-lived colony of New Sweden, with the cross affixed with the seal of the city. Flags are also adopted by religious groups and flags such as the Jain flag, Nishan Sahib (Sikhism), the Saffron Flag (Hindu) and the Christian flag are used to represent a whole religion. Other unusually shaped flags include the civil flags of Ohio (a swallowtail); Tampa, Florida; and Pike County, Ohio.[11]. Many national flags and other flags include religious symbols such as the cross, the crescent, or a reference to a patron saint. The commander of the fleet also had the right to order the use of the ordinary war ensign instead of the blue ensign when that was "appropriate". Such flags can be manufactured by creating two identical through and through flags and then sewing them back to back, though this can affect the resulting combination's responsiveness to the wind. To distinguish themselves from ships of the Navy, such ships historically have flown their parent organisation's flag from a forward mast as a distinguishing mark. Through various projects, chapters, and the support structure of the non-profit Wikimedia Foundation, Wikimedia strives to bring about a world in which every single human being can freely share in the sum of all knowledge.. In water sports such as wakeboarding and Water-Skiing, an orange flag is held in between runs to indicate someone is in the water. ‏ 4xx's: Alternate Name Forms (5) 400 0 _ ‎‡a Eric J. Miller ‏ ‎‡c Canadees civiel ingenieur ‏ The 17th century saw the birth of several national flags through revolutionary struggle. National flags are patriotic symbols with widely varied interpretations that often include strong military associations because of their original and ongoing use for that purpose. This form of communication is primarily used by naval signallers. List of all South Park episodes "Chef Goes Nanners" is the seventh episode of Season Four, and the 55th overall episode of South Park. Hoisting the flag is the act of raising the flag on the flagpole. Large versions of the war flag flown on the warships of countries' navies are known as battle ensigns. In Europe, during the High Middle Ages, flags came to be used primarily as a heraldic device in battle, allowing more easily to identify a knight than only from the heraldic device painted on the shield. Besides two flagpoles mentioned above, the previous six world-record flagpoles were all built by American company Trident Support, and the rest are in: Ashgabat, Turkmenistan: 133 m (436 ft); Aqaba, Jordan: 130 m (430 ft); Amman, Jordan: 126.8 m (416 ft); and Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates: 122 m (400 ft). A royal warrant of 6 November 1663, regulated the use of the triple-tailed flag, to be used only as a state flag and military ensign. 100 0 _ ‎‡a Eric Meyer ‏ ‎‡c personnalité politique américaine ‏ 200 _ | ‎‡a Meyer ‏ ‎‡b Éric ‏ ‎‡f 1961-.... 100 1 _ ‎‡a Meyer, Éric, ‏ ‎‡d 1961- ‏ The only symbol missing is the arms of Norway. In some countries yacht ensigns are different from merchant ensigns in order to signal that the yacht is not carrying cargo that requires a customs declaration. This originated in ancient Egypt or Assyria. In 1821, Norway adopted a new national civil ensign, identical to the present flag of Norway. Steeplejacks to dismantle Kew Flagpole", "High-flying: Up in time for Memorial Day, Acuity flag is world's tallest", "Cone Tapered vs. Venetian Entasis Tapered", Active autonomist and secessionist movements, Gay pride and Lesbian Bisexual Transgender flags, Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Flag&oldid=1008910320, Short description is different from Wikidata, Wikipedia pages semi-protected against vandalism, Articles with unsourced statements from October 2007, Articles with unsourced statements from December 2016, Articles with unsourced statements from August 2015, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, If not, the obverse and reverse will present two variants of the same design, one with the, The same (asymmetric) design may be duplicated on both sides. The Brakel family was introduced to the Swedish House of Lords in 1756 and is best known for their participation in the Great Northern War in Finland. Railways use a number of coloured flags. More Bias at Wikipedia, ... FBI planning false flag protests aimed at attacking gun rights. [7] The square-cut Swedish state flag is identical to the civil ensign. 4) is hoisted from a horizontal pole, normally attached to a building. In addition besides flying the national standard or a military services' emblem flag at a military fort, base, station or post and at sea at the stern (rear) or main top mast of a warship, a Naval Jack flag and other Maritime flags, pennants and emblems are flown at the bow (front). In 1838, it was decided that private ships contracted by the Royal Mail were to fly a double-tailed flag. The top left and bottom right quadrants are black, and the remaining area is white. The Flag law of 22 June 1906 further regulated the use and design of the flag, specifying the colors as "ljust mellanblå" (light medium blue) and "guldgul" (golden yellow), a departure from the previously common darker shade of blue. Flagpoles can be designed in one piece with a taper (typically a steel taper or a Greek entasis taper),[32] or be made from multiple pieces to make them able to expand. The flagpole in North Korea actually is a radio tower with a flag on top. Flags are often representative of an individual's affinity or allegiance to a country, team or business and can be presented in various ways. In Australia, Canada, New Zealand, the Philippines, Republic of Ireland and the United Kingdom, a pair of red-yellow flags is used to mark the limits of the bathing area on a beach, usually guarded by surf lifesavers. On the eastern side of the castle is a dock leading to the hall of the castle where ships can depart and enter. The term flag is also used to refer to the graphic design employed, and flags have evolved into a general tool for rudimentary signalling and identification, especially in environments where communication is challenging (such as the maritime environment, where semaphore is used). If the flag carries an emblem, it may remain centred or may be shifted slightly upwards. Click on the first link on a line below to go directly to a page where "flag manifold" is defined. ... Usage on af.wikipedia.org Between 1 March and 31 October the flag can be raised from 08.00 am. Signal flag "India" (a black circle on a yellow square) is frequently used to denote a "blackball" zone where surfboards cannot be used but other water activities are permitted. Österreich, België - Belgique, България, Κύπρος, Česko, Deutschland, Danmark, Eesti, España, Finland, France, Hrvatska, Ελλάδα, Magyarország, Ireland, Italia, Latvija, Lietuva, Luxembourg, Malta, Nederland, Polska, Portugal, România, Slovensko, Slovenija, Sverige She was the first designer to import polyester as a fashion textile to America. This page was last edited on 25 January 2021, at 20:50. The Government therefore ordered the Speaker of the Riksdag, Ingemund Bengtsson, to serve as Regent ad interim for two days. Spainie (Spainish: España, ()), offeecially the Kinrick o Spainie (Reino de España), is a kintra maistly locatit on the Iberie Peninsula in Europe. In some countries the civil flag is the same as the war flag or state flag, but without the coat of arms, such as in the case of Spain, and in others it's an alteration of the war flag. claim that the Swedish flag was blue with a white cross before 1420, and became blue with a golden cross only during the early reign King Gustav I, who deposed King Christian II in 1521. It was made from a Canadian Douglas-fir tree and was 68.5 m (225 ft) in height. For example; a white flag means, among other things, surrender or peace, a red flag can be used as a warning signal, and a black flag can mean war, or determination to defeat enemies. 1985 Scraps of Paper. Flag-hoisting ceremonies involving flag-raising squads can be simple or elaborate, involving large numbers of squads. Four distinctive African flags currently in the collection of the National Maritime Museum in Britain were flown in action by Itsekiri ships under the control of Nana Olomu during the conflict in the late 19th century. The naval ensign was based on the traditional triple-tailed Swedish model. Golès, Eric Goles Chacc, Éric Eric Goles Golès, E. Goles, Eric 1951-Golès, E. (Eric) VIAF ID: 92926403 (Personal) Permalink: http://viaf.org/viaf/92926403 In these cases there is a design element (usually text) which is not symmetric and should be read in the same direction, regardless of whether the hoist is to the viewer's left or right. English 6 … The flag of Sweden (Swedish: Sveriges flagga) consists of a yellow or gold Nordic cross (i.e. The other entry way is a staircase leading up into the castle's keep that can be accessed by the shore. The flag of Sweden appears in coat of arms of Finland's province Southwest Finland. Turn Left at the Enormous Flagpole", "Karnataka's Belgaum is now home to India's tallest flag", "Tallest flag in India: Country's tallest tricolour to be hoisted in Belagavi", "Timber! A flag (Arabic: لواء) is equivalent to a brigade in Arab countries. This presents two possibilities: Some complex flag designs are not intended to be shown on both sides, requiring separate obverse and reverse sides if made correctly. an asymmetrical horizontal cross, with the crossbar closer to the hoist than the fly, with the cross extending to the edge of the flag) on a field of blue. The jacks are smaller than the ensigns, but they have the same proportions. In the Spanish civil war, the anarchists used the red-and-black bisected flag. Popular Eric Bogle albums Singing the Spirit Home. [23], Since 23 September 2014, the tallest free-standing flagpole in the world is the Jeddah Flagpole in Saudi Arabia at a height of 171 m (561 ft), exceeding the former record holder the Dushanbe Flagpole in Tajikistan[24][25] (height: 165 m, 541 ft), National Flagpole in Azerbaijan (height: 162 m, 531 ft)[26] and the North Korean flagpole at Kijŏng-dong (height: 160 m, 520 ft). Although the United States Coast Guard has its own service ensign, all other U.S. Government ships fly the national ensign their service ensign, following United States Navy practice. Between 1 November and 28/29 February the flag can be raised from 09.00 am. Some military units are called "flags" after their use of flags. Another category of maritime flag flown by some United States Government ships is the distinguishing mark. In the railway dominated steel industry this principle of "blue flag and tag" was extended to all operations at Bethlehem Steel, This page was last edited on 25 February 2021, at 18:17. Likewise the flag of the heir apparent is raised together with a split pennant with the lesser national coat of arms on naval ships. 5a) or a horizontal one (no. A civil flag is a version of the national flag that is flown by civilians on non-government installations or craft. These usages spread to Southeast Asia as well, and were transmitted to Europe through the Muslim world where plainly colored flags were being used due to Islamic proscriptions.[2]. As well, semaphore flags can be used to communicate on an ad hoc basis from ship to ship over short distances. Chinese flags depicted colorful animals and royal flags were to be treated with a similar level of respect attributed to the ruler. This flag was about 2,058 m2 (22,150 sq ft). The Swedish law does not regulate the design of the Swedish pennant, but it is recommended that its color scheme should correspond with that of the flag.[8]. It has been suggested that the Swedish origin legend is chosen to counter a parallel origin story for the Danish flag, also recorded in the 16th century. [10] As stipulated in a royal warrant of 1569, the yellow cross was always to be borne on Swedish battle standards and banners. This double-tailed flag was used by government owned ships and buildings, which did not fly the triple-tailed military ensign. The new union flags were well received by the Norwegians, who had demanded their own military ensign since the union was formed. Pussy Riot members arrested after LGBT+ flag protest. When used from a flagpole extending from a building, the flag is recommended to have a width equalling a third of the height (length) of the pole. To fly one's ensign alone in foreign waters, a foreign port or in the face of a foreign warship traditionally indicates a willingness to fight, with cannon, for the right to do so. Eric attempted to kill Tobias by holding a gun to his head when he was assumed to be under the simulation, but Tris quickly pulled her gun out and threatened to … [35], Piece of fabric with a distinctive design, "Flagpole" redirects here. The use of civil flags was more common in the past, in order to denote buildings or ships that were not manned by the military. [2][3] The design and colours of the Swedish flag are believed to have been inspired by the present coat of arms of Sweden of 1442, which is blue divided quarterly by a cross pattée of gold, and modelled on the Danish flag. Several flags and banners including the Black Standard are associated with Islam. The Nordic cross design traditionally represents Christianity. C.O. A blue flag on a track means that nothing on that track should be moved. The flags are coloured with a red triangle and a yellow triangle making a rectangular flag, or a red rectangle over a yellow rectangle. General (1 matching dictionary) Flag manifold: Wikipedia, the Free Encyclopedia [home, info] Science (2 matching dictionaries) Flag Manifold: Eric Weisstein's World of Mathematics [home, info] flag manifold: PlanetMath Encyclopedia [home, info] A royal resolution of 20 June 1844, introduced new flags and heraldry to denote the equal status of the two kingdoms within the union. On 1 November 1905, the triple-tailed flag also became the Swedish naval jack. 2) is a vertical form of the standard flag. The seal of the Municipal Council of Shanghai International Settlement incorporated the 1844 Swedish civil ensign. The warrant also stipulated that the merchant fleet use their respective countries' square-cut civil ensigns, including the new union mark. [28][29] The tallest flagpole in the United Kingdom from 1959 until 2013 stood in Kew Gardens. [citation needed] The first legal description of the flag was made in a royal warrant of 19 April 1562 as "yellow in a cross fashioned on blue".
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